The migration crisis caused by the war shook the world. However, politicians say that refugees are not only a load on state budgets but also a powerful stimulation for the economy. What are the matters in reality?
In total, about 6 million Ukrainians left Ukraine due to the war, according to approximate data. Probably, about 1.5 million are now in the territory of the Russian Federation. Some of them were forcibly deported.
In other countries, there are now from 1.8 to 2.36 million adults and from 1.97 to 2.54 million children.
Which countries sheltered Ukrainians?
According to the age factor, Ukrainian wartime migrants include 51% of children under 18 years old and 48% of adults.
The distribution of Ukrainians by European countries looks like this:
- Poland: 38.4%;
- Germany: 19.5%;
- the Czech Republic: 12%;
- Italy: 5.6%;
- France: 2%;
- Romania: 2.0%;
- Slovakia: 2.0%;
- the rest: 18.5%.
Where refugees are helped more?
In Germany, refugees receive the most benefits, both social and housing. Unemployed persons have the right to receive about 400 euros each month, while children of all ages can receive between 285 and 376 euros. Survey results show that almost 90 percent of Ukrainians meet their housing needs.
Where is the most difficult situation?
The largest number of Ukrainians are in Poland. It is explained by the closeness of the borders and the smallest language barrier. However, it is difficult to get help from the state. Only about 100 euros per child is given stably. According to the survey, only 43% of Ukrainian citizens can meet their basic needs here.
Are Ukrainians friends or uninvited guests?
Local residents react differently to refugees. Someone is ready to help, and someone blames them for the crisis, rising prices, reducing wages, etc.
However, economists indicate that the overall effect of the appearance of refugees in European countries is positive. The load on GDP reached 0.2-0.23%. But Ukrainians cover the risks of recession, and in some countries helped to avoid it at all. Also, the citizens of Ukraine, being on the territory of the EU, stimulate consumer markets and recruit staff. Specialists note that this is an invaluable asset for host countries. In Poland alone, 10 billion zloty came into the budget from employed Ukrainians.
What about the Motherland?
A positive effect for Europe will turn into a worsening of the situation in Ukraine itself. In just one year, GDP losses will reach 2.5-7.7%.
The crisis and the pace of recovery will directly depend on several factors, one of which is considered to be how long citizens will stay abroad and how many of them will be able or willing to return to their country.
